| 1 |
alias = Create an alias *; |
| 2 |
apropos = Search Help manual pages (man -k); |
| 3 |
apt-get = Search for and install software packages (Debian or Ubuntu); |
| 4 |
aptitude = Search for and install software packages (Debian or Ubuntu); |
| 5 |
aspell = Spell Checker; |
| 6 |
awk = Find and Replace text database sort(validate,index); |
| 7 |
basename = Strip directory and suffix from filenames; |
| 8 |
bash = GNU Bourne-Again SHell; |
| 9 |
bc = Arbitrary precision calculator language; |
| 10 |
bg = Send to background; |
| 11 |
break = Exit from a loop *; |
| 12 |
builtin = Run a shell builtin; |
| 13 |
bzip2 = Compress or decompress named file(s); |
| 14 |
cal = Display a calendar; |
| 15 |
case = Conditionally perform a command; |
| 16 |
cat = Concatenate and print (display) the content of files; |
| 17 |
cd = Change Directory; |
| 18 |
cfdisk = Partition table manipulator for Linux; |
| 19 |
chgrp = Change group ownership; |
| 20 |
chmod = Change access permissions; |
| 21 |
chown = Change file owner and group; |
| 22 |
chroot = Run a command with a different root directory; |
| 23 |
chkconfig = System services (runlevel); |
| 24 |
cksum = Print CRC checksum and byte counts; |
| 25 |
clear = Clear terminal screen; |
| 26 |
cmp = Compare two files; |
| 27 |
comm = Compare two sorted files line by line; |
| 28 |
command = Run a command - ignoring shell functions *; |
| 29 |
continue = Resume the next iteration of a loop *; |
| 30 |
cp = Copy one or more files to another location; |
| 31 |
cron = Daemon to execute scheduled commands; |
| 32 |
crontab = Schedule a command to run at a later time; |
| 33 |
csplit = Split a file into context-determined pieces; |
| 34 |
cut = Divide a file into several parts; |
| 35 |
date = Display or change the date & time; |
| 36 |
dc = Desk Calculator; |
| 37 |
dd = Convert and copy a file write disk headers boot records; |
| 38 |
ddrescue = Data recovery tool; |
| 39 |
declare = Declare variables and give them attributes *; |
| 40 |
df = Display free disk space; |
| 41 |
diff = Display the differences between two files; |
| 42 |
diff3 = Show differences among three files; |
| 43 |
dig = DNS lookup; |
| 44 |
dir = Briefly list directory contents; |
| 45 |
dircolors = Colour setup for "'ls"; |
| 46 |
dirname = Convert a full pathname to just a path; |
| 47 |
dirs = Display list of remembered directories; |
| 48 |
dmesg = Print kernel & driver messages; |
| 49 |
du = Estimate file space usage; |
| 50 |
echo = Display message on screen *; |
| 51 |
egrep = Search file(s) for lines that match an extended expression; |
| 52 |
eject = Eject removable media; |
| 53 |
enable = Enable and disable builtin shell commands *; |
| 54 |
env = Environment variables; |
| 55 |
ethtool = Ethernet card settings; |
| 56 |
eval = Evaluate several commands(arguments); |
| 57 |
exec = Execute a command; |
| 58 |
exit = Exit the shell; |
| 59 |
expect = Automate arbitrary applications accessed over a terminal; |
| 60 |
expand = Convert tabs to spaces; |
| 61 |
export = Set an environment variable; |
| 62 |
expr = Evaluate expressions; |
| 63 |
false = Do nothing unsuccessfully; |
| 64 |
fdformat = Low-level format a floppy disk; |
| 65 |
fdisk = Partition table manipulator for Linux; |
| 66 |
fg = Send job to foreground; |
| 67 |
fgrep = Search file(s) for lines that match a fixed string; |
| 68 |
file = Determine file type; |
| 69 |
find = Search for files that meet a desired criteria; |
| 70 |
fmt = Reformat paragraph text; |
| 71 |
fold = Wrap text to fit a specified width; |
| 72 |
for = Expand words and execute commands; |
| 73 |
format = Format disks or tapes; |
| 74 |
free = Display memory usage; |
| 75 |
fsck = File system consistency check and repair; |
| 76 |
ftp = File Transfer Protocol; |
| 77 |
function = Define Function Macros; |
| 78 |
fuser = Identify(kill) the process that is accessing a file; |
| 79 |
gawk = Find and Replace text within file(s); |
| 80 |
getopts = Parse positional parameters; |
| 81 |
grep = Search file(s) for lines that match a given pattern; |
| 82 |
groupadd = Add a user security group; |
| 83 |
groupdel = Delete a group; |
| 84 |
groupmod = Modify a group; |
| 85 |
groups = Print group names a user is in; |
| 86 |
gzip = Compress or decompress named file(s); |
| 87 |
hash = Remember the full pathname of a name argument; |
| 88 |
head = Output the first part of file(s); |
| 89 |
help = Display help for a built-in command *; |
| 90 |
history = Command History; |
| 91 |
hostname = Print or set system name; |
| 92 |
htop = Interactive process viewer; |
| 93 |
iconv = Convert the character set of a file; |
| 94 |
id = Print user and group "ids"; |
| 95 |
if = Conditionally perform a command; |
| 96 |
ifconfig = Configure a network interface; |
| 97 |
ifdown = Stop a network interface; |
| 98 |
ifup = Start a network interface up; |
| 99 |
import = Capture an X server screen and save the image to file; |
| 100 |
install = Copy files and set attributes; |
| 101 |
ip = Routing devices and tunnels; |
| 102 |
jobs = List active jobs *; |
| 103 |
join = Join lines on a common field; |
| 104 |
kill = Kill a process by specifying its PID; |
| 105 |
killall = Kill processes by name; |
| 106 |
less = Display output one screen at a time; |
| 107 |
let = Perform arithmetic on shell variables *; |
| 108 |
link = Create a link to a file; |
| 109 |
ln = Create a symbolic link to a file; |
| 110 |
local = Create variables *; |
| 111 |
locate = Find files; |
| 112 |
logname = Print current login name; |
| 113 |
logout = Exit a login shell *; |
| 114 |
look = Display lines beginning with a given string; |
| 115 |
lpc = Line printer control program; |
| 116 |
lpr = Off line print; |
| 117 |
lprint = Print a file; |
| 118 |
lprintd = Abort a print job; |
| 119 |
lprintq = List the print queue; |
| 120 |
lprm = Remove jobs from the print queue; |
| 121 |
ls = List information about file(s); |
| 122 |
lsof = List open files; |
| 123 |
make = Recompile a group of programs; |
| 124 |
man = Help manual; |
| 125 |
mkdir = Create new folder(s); |
| 126 |
mkfifo = Make FIFOs (named pipes); |
| 127 |
mkisofs = Create an hybrid ISO9660(JOLIET, HFS filesystem); |
| 128 |
mknod = Make block or character special files; |
| 129 |
more = Display output one screen at a time; |
| 130 |
most = Browse or page through a text file; |
| 131 |
mount = Mount a file system; |
| 132 |
mtools = Manipulate MS-DOS files; |
| 133 |
mtr = Network diagnostics (traceroute, ping); |
| 134 |
mv = Move or rename files or directories; |
| 135 |
mmv = Mass Move and rename (files); |
| 136 |
netstat = Networking information; |
| 137 |
nice = Set the priority of a command or job; |
| 138 |
nl = Number lines and write files; |
| 139 |
nohup = Run a command immune to hangups; |
| 140 |
notify-send = Send desktop notifications; |
| 141 |
nslookup = Query Internet name servers interactively; |
| 142 |
open = Open a file in its default application; |
| 143 |
op = Operator access; |
| 144 |
passwd = Modify a user password; |
| 145 |
paste = Merge lines of files; |
| 146 |
pathchk = Check file name portability; |
| 147 |
ping = Test a network connection; |
| 148 |
pkill = Kill processes by a full or partial name; |
| 149 |
popd = Restore the previous value of the current directory; |
| 150 |
pr = Prepare files for printing; |
| 151 |
printcap = Printer capability database; |
| 152 |
printenv = Print environment variables; |
| 153 |
printf = Format and print data *; |
| 154 |
ps = Process status; |
| 155 |
pushd = Save and then change the current directory; |
| 156 |
pv = Monitor the progress of data through a pipe; |
| 157 |
pwd = Print Working Directory; |
| 158 |
quota = Display disk usage and limits; |
| 159 |
quotacheck = Scan a file system for disk usage; |
| 160 |
quotactl = Set disk quotas; |
| 161 |
ram = ram disk device; |
| 162 |
rar = Archive files with compression; |
| 163 |
rcp = Copy files between two machines; |
| 164 |
read = Read a line from standard input *; |
| 165 |
readarray = Read from stdin into an array variable *; |
| 166 |
readonly = Mark variables or functions as readonly; |
| 167 |
reboot = Reboot the system; |
| 168 |
rename = Rename files; |
| 169 |
renice = Alter priority of running processes; |
| 170 |
remsync = Synchronize remote files via email; |
| 171 |
return = Exit a shell function; |
| 172 |
rev = Reverse lines of a file; |
| 173 |
rm = Remove files; |
| 174 |
rmdir = Remove folder(s); |
| 175 |
rsync = Remote file copy (Synchronize file trees); |
| 176 |
screen = Multiplex terminal run remote shells via ssh; |
| 177 |
scp = Secure copy (remote file copy); |
| 178 |
sdiff = Merge two files interactively; |
| 179 |
sed = Stream Editor; |
| 180 |
select = Accept keyboard input; |
| 181 |
seq = Print numeric sequences; |
| 182 |
set = Manipulate shell variables and functions; |
| 183 |
sftp = Secure File Transfer Program; |
| 184 |
shift = Shift positional parameters; |
| 185 |
shopt = Shell Options; |
| 186 |
shutdown = Shutdown or restart linux; |
| 187 |
sleep = Delay for a specified time; |
| 188 |
slocate = Find files; |
| 189 |
sort = Sort text files; |
| 190 |
source = Run commands from a file "."; |
| 191 |
split = Split a file into fixed-size pieces; |
| 192 |
ssh = Secure Shell client (remote login program); |
| 193 |
stat = Display file or file system status; |
| 194 |
strace = Trace system calls and signals; |
| 195 |
su = Substitute user identity; |
| 196 |
sudo = Execute a command as another user; |
| 197 |
sum = Print a checksum for a file; |
| 198 |
suspend = Suspend execution of this shell *; |
| 199 |
sync = Synchronize data on disk with memory; |
| 200 |
tail = Output the last part of file; |
| 201 |
tar = Store list or extract files in an archive; |
| 202 |
tee = Redirect output to multiple files; |
| 203 |
test = Evaluate a conditional expression; |
| 204 |
time = Measure Program running time; |
| 205 |
timeout = Run a command with a time limit; |
| 206 |
times = User and system times; |
| 207 |
touch = Change file timestamps; |
| 208 |
top = List processes running on the system; |
| 209 |
tput = Set terminal-dependent capabilities color position; |
| 210 |
traceroute = Trace Route to Host; |
| 211 |
trap = Run a command when a signal is set(bourne); |
| 212 |
tr = Translate squeeze and(or) delete characters; |
| 213 |
true = Do nothing successfully; |
| 214 |
tsort = Topological sort; |
| 215 |
tty = Print filename of terminal on stdin; |
| 216 |
type = Describe a command *; |
| 217 |
ulimit = Limit user resources *; |
| 218 |
umask = Users file creation mask; |
| 219 |
umount = Unmount a device; |
| 220 |
unalias = Remove an alias *; |
| 221 |
uname = Print system information; |
| 222 |
unexpand = Convert spaces to tabs; |
| 223 |
uniq = Uniquify files; |
| 224 |
units = Convert units from one scale to another; |
| 225 |
unrar = Extract files from a rar archive; |
| 226 |
unset = Remove variable or function names; |
| 227 |
unshar = Unpack shell archive scripts; |
| 228 |
until = Execute commands (until error); |
| 229 |
uptime = Show uptime; |
| 230 |
useradd = Create new user account; |
| 231 |
userdel = Delete a user account; |
| 232 |
usermod = Modify user account; |
| 233 |
users = List users currently logged in; |
| 234 |
uuencode = Encode a binary file; |
| 235 |
uudecode = Decode a file created by uuencode; |
| 236 |
v = Verbosely list directory contents ('ls -l -b'); |
| 237 |
vdir = Verbosely list directory contents ('ls -l "-b)"; |
| 238 |
vi = Text Editor; |
| 239 |
vmstat = Report virtual memory statistics; |
| 240 |
wait = Wait for a process to complete *; |
| 241 |
watch = Execute or display a program periodically; |
| 242 |
wc = Print byte word and line counts; |
| 243 |
whereis = Search the "users" $path man pages and source files for a program; |
| 244 |
which = Search the "users" $path for a program file; |
| 245 |
while = Execute commands; |
| 246 |
who = Print all usernames currently logged in; |
| 247 |
whoami = Print the current user id and name ('id "-un)"; |
| 248 |
wget = Retrieve web pages or files via HTTP HTTPS or FTP; |
| 249 |
write = Send a message to another user; |
| 250 |
xargs = Execute utility passing constructed argument list(s); |
| 251 |
xdg-open = Open a file or URL in the "users" preferred application; |
| 252 |
yes = Print a string until interrupted; |
| 253 |
zip = Package and compress (archive) files; |
| 254 |
!! = Run the last command again; |
| 255 |
### = Comment or Remark; |
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