| 1 |
you also check in at an airport or online before you fly somewhere. |
| 2 |
we say get back home without prepositions. |
| 3 |
we often use verb + ing after look forward to: i'm looking forward to seeing you. |
| 4 |
travel is usually a verb. when we want to use a noun, we usually use journey or trip: how was your journey? how was your trip? |
| 5 |
get has many meanings in english: get back = arrive back; get a taxi = take a taxi. |
| 6 |
you can also get on a bike. get off a bike. get on a scooter. get off a scooter. get on a motorbike. get off a motorbike. |
| 7 |
by + time means 'at or before': i'll get there by 2.30 = i'll get there at 2.30 or earlier. |
| 8 |
we use the present perfect simple for experiences that happened some time before now, but we don't know or don't say when they happened: i've worked in the USA and in Europe. we've been away together a few times. |
| 9 |
to give more information about an experience we use the past simple: i really enjoyed my time there too. each time there was a problem back at the hotel. |
| 10 |
we use the past simple to say when sth happened: my wife and i started working in the hotel industry 19 years ago. three days ago a guy set off on his own into the mountains. |
| 11 |
we use the present perfect simple for sth that started in the past and continues in the present: i've lived in this country for about three years. we've had this place since 2008. |
| 12 |
we use the present perfect simple for sth that happened a short time ago, but we don't say exactly when: i've just been to Banff to pick him up from the hospital. my wife's gone to see some friends off at a manchester airport. |
| 13 |
we use for with a period of time (how long): i've lived in this country for about three years. |
| 14 |
we use since with a point in time (when sth started): we've had this place since 2008. |
| 15 |
we can also use for with the past simple: i lived in Colombia for six years (i don't live there now). |
| 16 |
we don't usually use during with the present perfect simple: i've been here for a week. |
| 17 |
go has two past participles, been and gone. |
| 18 |
we use been to mean 'go and come back': i've just been to Banff to pick him up from the hospital. |
| 19 |
we use gone to mean 'go, but not come back yet': my wife's gone to see some friends off at manchester airport. |
| 20 |
we can use these words/phrases with the present perfect simple: never, ever, recently, lately, before, this week, just, yet, already: i've never been to russia. |
| 21 |
we must use the past simple with phrases that say a definite time (two years ago, in 1997, last week, at 10 o'clock): i went there two years ago. |
| 22 |
we use just to say sth happened a short time ago: has he just phoned? |
| 23 |
we put just before the past participle. |
| 24 |
we use yet to say sth hasn't happened, but we think it will happen in the future. |
| 25 |
we don't use yet in positive sentences: he hasn't finished it yet. have you finished it yet? |
| 26 |
we put yet at the end of sentence or clause. |
| 27 |
we use already to say sth happened some time in the past, maybe sooner than we expected. |
| 28 |
we don't use already in negative sentences: we've already seen it. have you already seen it? |
| 29 |
we put already before the past participle. |
| 30 |
recently and lately mean 'not long ago': i haven't been to london recently. i haven't been to london lately. |
| 31 |
after this is the first time, this is the second time and so on we use the present perfect simple: this is the first time we've been here. |
| 32 |
we also use the present perfect simple with this week, this month, this year and so on and with this morning, this afternoon and so on if it's still that time of day. |
| 33 |
compare these sentences: have you seen bob this morning? (it's still morning). did you see bob this morning? (it's now afternoon or evening). |
| 34 |
we usually use the present perfect continuous to talk about an activity that started in the past and continues in the present: the company has been publishing guide books for 40 years. |
| 35 |
we usually use the present perfect simple to talk about a state that started in the past and continues in the present: the book has been a best-seller since it was published in 1973. |
| 36 |
we often use the present perfect continuous with verbs that talk about longer activities - learn, rain, try, play, work, read, wait: i've been learning english for five years. |
| 37 |
we don't usually use the present perfect continuous with verbs that talk about short actions - start, find, lose, break, buy, stop: i've started a course. |
| 38 |
with some verbs, both verbs are possible - i've lived/ i've been living here for five years. i've worked/ i've been working in australia since 2011. |
| 39 |
we often use the present perfect continuous to talk about the activity we have been doing: i've been doing my homework. |
| 40 |
we often use the present perfect simple to say an activity is finished: i've done my homework. |
| 41 |
we usually use the present perfect continuous to say how long an activity has been happening: their television company, lonely planet tv, has been making programmes since 2004. |
| 42 |
we usually use the present perfect simple to say how many things are finished: lonely planet has published over 650 guidebooks since the company began. |
| 43 |
we can also make questions with the present perfect simple and how much (+noun)..?: how much money have you spent so far? |
| 44 |
she has been painting her bedroom: we're thinking of the activity. it doesn't matter whether it has been finished or not. |
| 45 |
we use to present perfect continuous to say how long (for sth tha is still happening): how long have you been reading that book? |
| 46 |
we use to present perfect simple to say how much, how many or how many times: how much of that book have you read? |
| 47 |
some verbs (for example, know/like/believe) aren't normally used in the continuous: i've known about the problem for a long time. |
| 48 |
we can use mean and want in the present perfect continuous: i've been meaning to phone jane, but i keep forgetting. |
| 49 |
when the adjective or noun ends -t, -y or -e, we sometimes have to change the spelling: patient > patience, lazy > laziness, nature > natural. |
| 50 |
after it's (well/not) worth we use verb+ing: that's well worth seeing. |
| 51 |
after don't bother we use verb+ing: don't bother going to the museums. |
| 52 |
after i'd/i wouldn't we use the infinitive: i'd recommend the trains. |
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