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1. By and Until |
| 2 |
a) by -- express deadline: i'll be at the office by 7pm. |
| 3 |
b) until ~ till ~ 'til (until is always correct; till or 'til is casual) -- a continuing situation|state; that's going to change|stop: i'll be at the office until 7pm. |
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i'm not going to go to bed until i finish this movie. |
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they need to write their reports by tomorrow. |
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we can't leave the house until your mother calls. |
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i'm not going to be there by 8pm. |
| 8 |
i'm not going to be there until 8pm. |
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if my date doesn't arrive by 7pm, i'm leaving. |
| 10 |
we have to leave the beach by 10am. |
| 11 |
we have to stay at the beach until 10am. |
| 12 |
i'm not going to travel abroad until i learn english. |
| 13 |
we told him to wake up by 6am. |
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2. Really and Very |
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a) really -- use to modify verbs, adjectives and adverbs: you're really funny. |
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he runs really fast. |
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i'm really tired. |
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b) very -- use to modify adjectives and adverbs. |
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used in more negative sentences. |
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this sandwich is very good. |
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you're not very funny. |
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he doesn't run very fast. |
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they're very rich. |
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they really like vocationing in france. |
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my schedule is very|really busy. |
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that restaurant wasn't very good. |
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it's really|very rainy today. |
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your boss seemed really|very angry with you. |
| 29 |
she really eats a lot. |
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he really hates cats. |
| 31 |
i really hope we can catch up soon. |
| 32 |
this is very|really easy. |
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3. Look Watch and See. |
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a) look -- moving eyes to something. |
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look -- no expectation of change. |
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look -- when an object follows use 'at'. |
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b) watch -- focused attention. |
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watch -- something changing or moving. |
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c) see -- noticing something, but not necessarily focusing. |
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d) for movies, tv, sports, etc. we use only 'watch' or 'see'. |
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see a movie. |
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see a baseball game. |
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watch a dvd. |
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watch the award show. |
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outside the home see. |
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at home watch. |
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3.1 Examples: |
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tonight, i'm going to watch a game of thrones. |
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i want to see that new movie. |
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look up ahead. traffic is terrible. |
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last night i stayed in and watched a football game. |
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i can't wait to see my favorite band next week. |
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when i looked into the forest, i saw a deer. |
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i looked up from my book and saw you. you were watching a video on your phone. |
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when did you last see you roommate? |
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4. Say Tell Speak. |
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a) say -- neutral feel. |
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say -- used to report speech. |
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he said 'dinner was delicious'. |
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you said 'you were tired'. |
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i never say mean things. |
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b) tell -- giving new information. |
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tell -- often in past for receiving information. |
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tell -- one-way nuance. |
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tell -- is usually a person. |
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i told you to call me. |
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can you tell me where the bathroom is? |
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why didn't you tell me the party canceled? |
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c) speak -- conversational. |
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speak -- more formal feel. |
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speak with and speak to has a little difference: speak to, it's more monologue. |
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speak for languages. |
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you should speak with/to your boss. |
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i spoke with my manager. |
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have you spoken to hr? |
| 76 |
my friends told me my cooking was bad. |
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they said 'i have to work tomorrow'. |
| 78 |
he really need to speak with his client. |
| 79 |
have you told your mother the news? |
| 80 |
we spoke about this at the last meeting? |
| 81 |
you always say nice things. |
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he always tells the truth? |
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