| 1 |
robbery -- stealing from people and banks. |
| 2 |
theft -- stealing money and things. |
| 3 |
burglary -- stealing from houses and flats. |
| 4 |
shoplifting -- stealing things from a shop while it is open. |
| 5 |
smuggling -- taking things illegally from one country to another. |
| 6 |
kidnapping -- taking a person by using violence, often in order to get money for returning them. |
| 7 |
fraud -- obtaining money illegally, usually by using clever and complicated methods. |
| 8 |
bribery -- trying to make sb do sth you want by giving them money, presents, etc. |
| 9 |
murder -- killing sb intentionally. |
| 10 |
arson -- starting a fire in a building in order to damage or destroy it. |
| 11 |
vandalism -- intentionally damaging public property, or property belonging to other people. |
| 12 |
looting -- stealing from shops or homes that have been damaged in a war, natural disaster, etc. |
| 13 |
terrorism -- the use of violence such as bombing, shooting, etc. for political purposes. |
| 14 |
mugging -- using violence to steal from sb in a public place (a street, a park, etc.). |
| 15 |
bride. |
| 16 |
robbery - crime; robber - criminal; rob - verb. |
| 17 |
theft - crime; thief - criminal; steal - verb. |
| 18 |
burglary - crime; burglar - criminal; burgle - verb. |
| 19 |
mugging - crime; mugger - criminal; mug - verb. |
| 20 |
shoplifting - crime; shoplifter - criminal; shoplift - verb. |
| 21 |
smuggling - crime; smuggler - criminal; smuggle - verb. |
| 22 |
kidnapping - crime; kidnapper - criminal; kidnap - verb. |
| 23 |
fraud - crime; fraudster - criminal; defraud - verb. |
| 24 |
bribery - crime; bribe - verb. |
| 25 |
murder - crime; murderer - criminal; murder - verb. |
| 26 |
Arson - crime; Arsonist - criminal. |
| 27 |
vAndalism - crime; vAndal - criminal; vAndalise - verb. |
| 28 |
looting - crime; looter - criminal; loot - verb. |
| 29 |
tErrorism - crime; tErrorist - criminal; tErrorise - verb. |
| 30 |
the plural of the thief is thieves. |
| 31 |
we can say commit fraud, commit arson, and commit an act of terrorism/vandalism. |
| 32 |
commit fraud. |
| 33 |
commit arson. |
| 34 |
commit an act of terrorism. |
| 35 |
commit an act of vandalism. |
| 36 |
we usually use shoplift in its verb+ing form: i saw some boys shoplifting; my neighbours was caught shoplifting. |
| 37 |
a law-abiding person. |
| 38 |
commit a crime. |
| 39 |
arrest sb for a crime. |
| 40 |
charge sb with a crime -- when the police charge sb with a crime, they formally accuse them of committing that crime: three men were charged with shoplifting. |
| 41 |
take sb to court -- take legal action against sb: my landlord is taking me to court for not paying my rent. |
| 42 |
give evidence -- tell a court of law what you know about a crime: three witnesses of the muggling gave evidence in court today. |
| 43 |
find sb (not) guilty. |
| 44 |
acquit sb of a crime. |
| 45 |
convict sb of a crime. |
| 46 |
send sb to prison (for ten years). |
| 47 |
sentence sb to (ten years) in prison. |
| 48 |
fine sb ($500). |
| 49 |
guilty -- responsible for committing a crime: the jury had to decide if he was innocent or guilty. |
| 50 |
acquit -- decide in a court that sb is not guilty of a crime: they were acquitted of all charges. |
| 51 |
acquit -- opposite convict. |
| 52 |
sentence -- when a judge decides what a person's punishment should be after they have been convicted of a crime: the two men were sentenced to six months in prison. |
| 53 |
fine -- make sb pay money as a punishment for a crime they have committed: he was fined $1000. |
| 54 |
arrest, charge, sentence and fine are also nouns. |
| 55 |
a court -- is a large room where lawyers formally present all the evidence about a crime: he's appearing in court today. |
| 56 |
snatching bags. |
| 57 |
Arson ~ setting the building, the house on fire. |
| 58 |
assassination -- murder famous politician people. |
| 59 |
Arson -- set fire to sth; set sth on fire. |
| 60 |
we use the second conditional to talk about imaginary situations in the present or the future: i'd go over the speed limit if there weren't any speed cameras around ~ there are cameras, so i don't go over the speed limit. |
| 61 |
the speed limit. |
| 62 |
go over the speed limit ~ exceed the speed limit. |
| 63 |
we can use might or could in the main clause instead of would. |
| 64 |
might means 'would perhaps': if i really needed it, i might keep it. |
| 65 |
could means 'would be possible': if the bank found out, i could say i didn't count the money. |
| 66 |
the 'if' clause can be first or second in the sentence. |
| 67 |
even if -- it doesn't matter whether the situation in the 'if' clause exists or not: no, i wouldn't, even if he/she got angry with me. |
| 68 |
in the second conditionals we can say if i/he/she/it was or if i/he/she/it were: if i was/were rich, i'd buy a Ferrari. |
| 69 |
we often use provided, as long as, assuming, imagine and suppose instead of 'if' in conditionals. |
| 70 |
provided and as long as mean 'only if (this happens)': provided there weren't any police cars around, of course i would; i'd tell a security guard as long as he/she agreed not to call the police. |
| 71 |
assuming means 'accepting that sth is true': assuming no one else saw the boy, i'd just tell him to return the things he'd stolen. |
| 72 |
imagine and suppose have the same meaning (= form a picture in your mind about what sth could be like). |
| 73 |
we can use imagine and suppose as an alternative for if in questions: imagine/suppose you were driving and you were late for an appointment, would you exceed the speed limit. |
| 74 |
we can also use provided, as long as, assuming, imaging and suppose in other types of conditional to talk about real situations: we'll see you tonight, provided Alex doesn't have to work late; we'll hire a car, as long as it's not too expensive. |
| 75 |
hire a car. |
| 76 |
we can say provided or providing and suppose or supposing. |
| 77 |
we can also use unless in conditionals to mean if not: i wouldn't hit sb unless i had to ~ i wouldn't hit sb if i didn't have to. |
| 78 |
break the speed limit. |
| 79 |
a cash machine. |
| 80 |
twice as much money as you asked for. |
| 81 |
a security guard. |
| 82 |
pull over -- stop your car by the side of the road: but then i'd pull over and stop the car. |
| 83 |
i was burgled to -- means 'my house was burgled'. |
| 84 |
smoking in non-smoking areas. |
| 85 |
dropping litter. |
| 86 |
we can use 'that' after provided, imagine or suppose: provided (that) there weren't any police cars around, of course i would. |
| 87 |
questions with suppose and imagine can also be written as two sentences. |
| 88 |
flout -- deliberately refuse to obey a rule or custom. |
| 89 |
take the job. |
| 90 |
go somewhere hot. |
| 91 |
as long as ~ so long as. |
| 92 |
get a tan: providing you sunbathe a lot, you'll certainly get a tan. |
| 93 |
on (the) condition that -- most formal compared to as long as, providing and so on; usually in written format. |
| 94 |
get time off: on (the) condition that i can get time off from work, we'll go to America. |
| 95 |
as (so) long as is more emphatic than 'if' -- means 'only if'. |
| 96 |
put up with sth: it's strange, but you can do nothing. you can only put up with it. |
| 97 |
providing or provided are more formal than as long as. |
| 98 |
on condition that or on the condition that can come across both variants. |
| 99 |
on (the) condition that -- extremely formal, and usually used in formal speech and writing. |
| 100 |
we can express conditions with the help of such phrases as: as long as, only if, on condition that, provided that, providing that, etc. at the beginning of a subordinate clause: you can play in the garden as long as you don't ruin my roses. |
| 101 |
subOrdinate. |
| 102 |
ruin one's roses. |
| 103 |
apOlogy. |
| 104 |
within a month: he agreed to lend her money on condition that she returned it within a month. |
| 105 |
provided (that) and providing (that) are interchangeable when used as synonyms to 'on condition that', although provided (that) is more common: you can drive a car abroad provided that you have an international license. |
| 106 |
rent a flat. |
| 107 |
unless is used instead of if..not in conditional sentences of all types: you'll gain weight unless you stop eating so much fast food. |
| 108 |
assuming -- accepting the future prediction comes true: assuming the Chelsea lose tomorrow, the manager will be looking for another job. |
| 109 |
supposing (suppose) suggests an act of imagination, similarly to imagine: what will you do supposing she leaves you? |
| 110 |
providing/provided (that), as long as, on (the) condition that are alternatives to if. |
| 111 |
as/so long as in 'only if' are more often used. |
| 112 |
a parked car. |
| 113 |
pay paid paid. |
| 114 |
doorman. |
| 115 |
hairstyle. |
| 116 |
a well-paid job. |
| 117 |
a bOxer. |
| 118 |
feel healthy. |
| 119 |
gloomy -- unhappy and without hope. |
| 120 |
be late for an appointment. |
| 121 |
car alarm. |
| 122 |
tyres. |
| 123 |
the parking lot ~ the car park. |
| 124 |
take a gun out of one's purse. |
| 125 |
fire the gun. |
| 126 |
look identical: her car looked identical, but it was parked nearby. |
| 127 |
to be precise. |
| 128 |
a permit. |
| 129 |
oh, here we go. |
| 130 |
rant -- speak, write or shout in a loud, uncontrolled, or angry way, often saying confused or silly things: he's always ranting (on) about the government. |
| 131 |
fire: did she fire the gun? |
| 132 |
shoot: you wouldn't have shot the tyres. |
| 133 |
lock up: i bet Arnie would have locked him up and thrown away the key. |
| 134 |
commit sth -- do sth wrong or illegal. |
| 135 |
commit a crime. |
| 136 |
commit an offence -- a minor crime. |
| 137 |
commit murder. |
| 138 |
commit adUltery. |
| 139 |
adUltery -- when you cheating on your husband or wife; came into the Russian language from French. |
| 140 |
commit an act of violence. |
| 141 |
commit an act of terrorism. |
| 142 |
commit an error. |
| 143 |
commit a sin. |
| 144 |
commit atrOcities. |
| 145 |
atrocities -- are very violent actions. |
| 146 |
appalling -- very bad. |
| 147 |
appalling crimes: appalling crimes committed against innocent children. |
| 148 |
armed robbery -- when you have weapons. |
| 149 |
charge sb with a crime -- accuse sb formally of a crime so that there can be a trial in court. |
| 150 |
charge sb with sth wrong -- -- accuse sb formally of a crime so that there can be a trial in court. |
| 151 |
charge sb with a crime ~ charge sb with sth wrong. |
| 152 |
charge sb: people were arrested but nobody was charged. |
| 153 |
be charged with sth: he was charged with murder. |
| 154 |
be charged with doing sth: they were charged with organizing an illegal demonstration. |
| 155 |
convict sb (of sth) -- decide and state officially in court that sb is guilty of a crime: there wasn't enough evidence to convict her. |
| 156 |
be convicted (of sth): he was convicted of fraud. |
| 157 |
a convicted murderer. |
| 158 |
acquit sb (of sth) -- decide and state officially in court that sb is not guilty of a crime: the jury acquitted him of murder. |
| 159 |
defendant: both defendants were acquitted. |
| 160 |
on the grounds: he was acquitted on the grounds of insufficient evidence. |
| 161 |
insufficient evidence. |
| 162 |
plead guilty/not guilty -- state in court that you are guilty or not guilty of a crime. |
| 163 |
how do you plead? -- said by the judge of the start of the trial. |
| 164 |
the accused: the accused was deemed unfit to plead. |
| 165 |
deem -- consider or judge sth in a particular way: we'll provide help whenever you deem it appropriate. |
| 166 |
plead sth: he tried to plead insAnity but the court convicted him. |
| 167 |
insAnity -- when sb is mentally ill and therefore not responsible for one's actions. |
| 168 |
evidence -- uncountable the information that is used in court to try to prove sth: i was asked to give evidence at the trial. |
| 169 |
at the trial: i was asked to give evidence at the trial. |
| 170 |
prosecution -- the act of prosecuting sb: the defence accused the prosecution of withholding several key pieces of evidence. |
| 171 |
the defence (uk) ~ the defense (us). |
| 172 |
pieces of evidence. |
| 173 |
withhold -- refuse to give sth or to keep back sth: the defence accused the prosecution of withholding several key pieces of evidence. |
| 174 |
evidence against sb: despite a lack of evidence against him, Burton will appear in court next week. |
| 175 |
a lack of evidence. |
| 176 |
release -- set free: he was released when the judge ruled there was no evidence against him. |
| 177 |
sentence -- say officially in court that sb is to receive a particular punishment. |
| 178 |
sentence sb to sth: he sentenced the defendant to life in prison. |
| 179 |
be sentenced to death/life imprisonment. |
| 180 |
jail term: he was convicted and sentenced to a four-year jail term. |
| 181 |
sentence sb to do sth: the judge sentenced him to hang. |
| 182 |
assault: the court sentenced him to serve nine months for the assault. |
| 183 |
community service: she was sentenced to do 30 hours of community service. |
| 184 |
sentence sb for sth -- the same judge had previously sentenced him for burglary. |
| 185 |
sentence sb to sth for sth -- a court sentenced him to nine-year jail terms for fraud and tax evasion. |
| 186 |
evasion -- the act of avoiding sth or sb: |
| 187 |
tax evasion -- illegally not paying tax. |
| 188 |
sentence sb: it was argued that judges should have discretion in sentences first-time offenders. |
| 189 |
first-time offender. |
| 190 |
discretion -- the right or ability to decide sth: i leave the decision to your discretion. |
| 191 |
suspended sentence -- a punishment given to a criminal in court that means that they will only go to prison if they commit another crime within a particular period of time: an 18-month suspended sentence for theft. |
| 192 |
life sentence. |
| 193 |
death sentence. |
| 194 |
community sentence (in UK) -- a punishment, given by a court, that involves helping people in the community, having treatment for an addiction, etc. instead of going to prison. |
| 195 |
assault -- the crime of attacking sb physically. |
| 196 |
fine -- make sb pay money as an official punishment. |
| 197 |
fine sb (sth): the magistrate fined him $400. |
| 198 |
be fined (sth). |
| 199 |
be fined for (doing) sth: she was fined for speeding. |
| 200 |
gang. |
| 201 |
get into serious trouble. |
| 202 |
might and could are past forms of may and can. |
| 203 |
get hurt. |
| 204 |
out of order. |
| 205 |
travel round the world. |
| 206 |
i was so young. i had no experience ~ if i hadn't been so young, i would have had some experience. |
| 207 |
rest: if they had gone on holiday, they would have had some rest. |
| 208 |
fall ill. |
| 209 |
keep in the shade. |
| 210 |
get sunburnt. |
| 211 |
miss the train. |
| 212 |
behave in a friendly manner. |
| 213 |
feel sick. |
| 214 |
ask sb for a lift. |
| 215 |
in the area. |
| 216 |
car thieves. |
| 217 |
name sb/sth after sb/sth. |
| 218 |
base sth on sth -- use one thing or idea and develop it into sth else. |
| 219 |
insist on sth -- say strongly and forcefully that you want to do sth. |
| 220 |
cope with sb/sth -- deal with a difficult person, problem or situation. |
| 221 |
convince sb of sth. |
| 222 |
protest against sth. |
| 223 |
worry about sb/sth. |
| 224 |
complain to sb about sb/sth. |
| 225 |
succeed in sth. |
| 226 |
reduce sth to sth. |
| 227 |
apologise to sb for sth. |
| 228 |
apply to sb/sth for sth. |
| 229 |
we use the third conditional to talk about imaginary situations in the past. they're often the opposite of what really happened: if she'd shot the men, she'd have been in trouble. |
| 230 |
be in trouble. |
| 231 |
we make questions in the third conditionals with (question word) + would + subject + have + past participle.. + if + subject + past perfect: what would the owner of the car have done if he'd seen him? |
| 232 |
we can also use imagine and suppose instead of 'if' in the third conditional questions: imagine/suppose he'd seen you..? |
| 233 |
the opposite of guilty is innocent. |
| 234 |
we also use 'a court' to refer to all people in the courtroom: please tell the court what happened. |
| 235 |
a trial -- the process of deciding if sb is guilty or innocent: the trial has already lasted three weeks. |
| 236 |
witness can be a noun and a verb. |
| 237 |
verdict -- say if sb is guilty or not guilty. |
| 238 |
the jury members responsibility to deliver the verdict, but the judge decides on the type of punishment. |
| 239 |
on the type of punishment. |
| 240 |
if there isn't a jury, the judge (or panel of judges) decides on the verdict. |
| 241 |
the police arrest someone for a crime; charge someone with a crime; take someone to court; give evidence. |
| 242 |
the judge sends someone to prison (for 10 years); sentences someone to (10 years) in prison; fines someone ($500). |
| 243 |
the judge/the jury finds someone (not) guilty; acquits/convicts someone of a crime. |
| 244 |
a witness give evidence. |
| 245 |
think differently. |
| 246 |
petrol station (uk) ~ gas station (us). |
| 247 |
cash register. |
| 248 |
all the points under discussion. |
| 249 |
a salesgirl. |
| 250 |
the cash register. |
| 251 |
a gas station. |
| 252 |
get directions. |
| 253 |
things turned out differently. |
| 254 |
circumnavigator. circumnavigate. |
| 255 |
words with 2 vowels finishing on er, ow. -- before only adding er, est: clever ~ cleverest; narrow ~ narrowest. right now we can also make more clever, most clever, more narrow, most narrow. |
| 256 |
northern lights. |
| 257 |
never stop hoping for the best. |
| 258 |
re-offend. |
| 259 |
deterrent -- sth that deters people from doing sth: for which crimes do you think a prison sentence is an effective deterrent? |
| 260 |
at the checkout. |
| 261 |
what do they agree on? |
| 262 |
if i could have helped her, i would have done. |
| 263 |
figure sth/sb out -- finally understand sth or sb, or find the solution to a problem after a lot of thought: government figures out today. |
| 264 |
chief superintendent -- the main policeman. |
| 265 |
a member of parliament. |
| 266 |
the figures: the figures speak for themselves. |
| 267 |
taxpayers' money. |
| 268 |
be off: these people would be much better off in programmes which could help them find work and become useful members of society. |
| 269 |
retrain. |
| 270 |
short-term offender. |
| 271 |
the prison population. |
| 272 |
deterrent: i believe we need some sort of deterrent. |
| 273 |
put simply ~ like to say simpler. |
| 274 |
go to prison for life. |
| 275 |
re-offend. |
| 276 |
a local corner shop. |
| 277 |
unwanted. |
| 278 |
lit up: his normally bored face lit up. |
| 279 |
spot: i spotted our old tv. |
| 280 |
CCTV -- closed-circuit television. |
| 281 |
the number is as high as four million. |
| 282 |
recent research. |
| 283 |
a CCTV camera. |
| 284 |
effectiveness. |
| 285 |
personal privacy. |
| 286 |
be awarded $7000 compensation. |
| 287 |
pointing to his son. |
| 288 |
bat: where the person batting is allowed two strikes. |
| 289 |
on the same principle. |
| 290 |
interpretation. |
| 291 |
some studies -- like some researches. |
| 292 |
to date ~ like up to the current time. |
| 293 |
appeal: to date Andrade has lost every appeal he's made. |
| 294 |
pier: on the Redondo Beach pier. |
| 295 |
supreme -- having the highest rank, level or importance: William's lawyers complained to the State Supreme Court. |
| 296 |
desperately. |
| 297 |
falsifying the name. |
| 298 |
juvenile. |
| 299 |
greasy mark: whatever it is the police use on the fingerprints leaves a really greasy mark on everything. |
| 300 |
clean sth off. |
| 301 |
how are things with you? |
| 302 |
house-sit. |
| 303 |
right, that's settled then. |
| 304 |
put sth in the freezer. |
| 305 |
caviar. Russian caviar. |
| 306 |
pharmacist. |
| 307 |
1. making offers: would you like me to (come round)? |
| 308 |
2. making offers: i'll (get those for you), if you like. |
| 309 |
3. making offers: let me (sort that out for you). |
| 310 |
4. making offers: why don't i (do that for you)? |
| 311 |
5. making offers: what if i (picked up the keys on Thursday)? |
| 312 |
1. refusing offers: no, it's ok, but thanks for offering. |
| 313 |
2. refusing offers: no, thanks. i'd better (get them myself). |
| 314 |
3. refusing offers: no, that's ok. i can manage. |
| 315 |
4. refusing offers: no, don't worry. it'd be easier if (i brought them to you). |
| 316 |
1. accepting offers: thanks. that'd be a great help. |
| 317 |
2. accepting offers: are you sure you wouldn't mind? |
| 318 |
3. accepting offers: well, it'd be wonderful/ great/ nice/ fantastic if you could. |
| 319 |
4. as long as you don't mind. |
| 320 |
let me.., why don't i.. and i'd better.. are followed by the infinitive. |
| 321 |
would it help if i.., what if i.. and i'd be easier if i.. are usually followed by the past simple. |
| 322 |
thanks for.. is often followed by verb+ing. |
| 323 |
come over: why don't i come over this evening and help you pack? |
| 324 |
the insurance company: i'd better call the insurance company myself. |
| 325 |
a repair person. |
| 326 |
call sb a taxi. |
| 327 |
have the chance. |
| 328 |
the embassy. |
| 329 |
the survey. |
| 330 |
course assignment. |
| 331 |
computer's crashed. |
| 332 |
thanks. that'd be a great help. |
| 333 |
a second-hand car. |
| 334 |
be recognisable to everyone. |
| 335 |
have a pet rabbit. |
| 336 |
fatty food. |
Комментарии