| 1 |
codes of conduct. |
| 2 |
generosity. |
| 3 |
dry humor. |
| 4 |
take responsibility for sth -- say that you're responsible for sth that has happened: i take full responsibility for the accident. |
| 5 |
take sb for grAnted -- expect that sb will always be there and never show them any special attention or care: my children take me for granted - i never get a word of thanks. |
| 6 |
take sth out on sb -- make someone suffer because you're tired or angry: just because you're angry with your boss, don't take it out on me. |
| 7 |
take sth at face value -- accept sth for what it appears to be rather than studying it more closely: i took the offer at face value without checking the details. |
| 8 |
take the time to do sth -- spend enough time to do sth well or carefully: she took the time to talk to everyone in the room. |
| 9 |
take an Interest in -- show an interest in sth or someone: she took an interest in his work. |
| 10 |
take notice of sb/sth -- pay attention to sb/sth and let them influence you (usually used in the negative with any, no, etc.): i asked him to be quiet, but he didn't take any notice. |
| 11 |
take sides -- support one person or group against another in an argument: my mother never takes sides when my brother and i argue. |
| 12 |
take advAntige of sb -- treat somebody badly or unfairly in order to get sth from them: Joe always uses your car - i think he's taking advantage of you. |
| 13 |
take sth/sb seriously -- consider a person or a situation important: don't take what he said too seriously. |
| 14 |
not take no for an answer -- not allow somebody to refuse what you have offered: it's clear she doesn't want to go out with him, but he just won't take no for an answer. |
| 15 |
we can also take sth for granted: in this country we take clean water for granted. |
| 16 |
check out. |
| 17 |
laughing out loud. |
| 18 |
genuinely -- really and sincerely: i'm genuinely sorry for what i said. |
| 19 |
uncover: the book uncovers the hidden social rules that mystify foreign visitors. |
| 20 |
but otherwise. |
| 21 |
commuter. |
| 22 |
without exchanging a single word. |
| 23 |
feel a need. |
| 24 |
potential embarrassment. |
| 25 |
the unsuspecting visitor. |
| 26 |
cause offence. |
| 27 |
state our true feelings. |
| 28 |
topics of conversation. |
| 29 |
what we paid for it. |
| 30 |
once: once i'd finished reading. |
| 31 |
a private person. |
| 32 |
queue. |
| 33 |
1. ing form can be gerund. |
| 34 |
1.1 ing form can be participle I -- used in continuous form: is this traing going to Victoria? |
| 35 |
1.2 ing form can be adjective which is originally might have been participle I. |
| 36 |
2. gerund is a verb that decribes actions and activities. |
| 37 |
2.1 gerund is like a noun that have the same functions in the sentence as a subject: disagreeing could cause an offence. |
| 38 |
2.2 gerund can be object. in the sentence after verbs: avoid talking to someone; i'd finished reading. |
| 39 |
admit ~ might contrary of deny. |
| 40 |
suggest doing. suggest that subject... |
| 41 |
2.3 gerund can be a direct object (an object without a preposition). |
| 42 |
2.4 gerund can be after prepositions: before reading; in spite of appearing. |
| 43 |
present participle is a part of present continous form. |
| 44 |
present continous consists is auxiliary form of to be in present and participle 1. |
| 45 |
2.5 ing can be after verb + object (noun/pronoun) + participle 1: we dislike other people enquiring about. these sentences got simplified from complex form: we dislike (it when) other people (are) enquiring about. |
| 46 |
2.6 ing can be in reduced relative clauses: despite this, people (who are) standing at a bus stop often feel a need. |
| 47 |
2.7 ing can be in adjectives: an entertaining book. |
| 48 |
1. we use verb+ing ... after prepositions: before reading ... |
| 49 |
1.1 we use verb+ing ... after certain verbs + object: it's normal for commuters to spend years travelling on the same train. |
| 50 |
1.2 we use verb+ing ... as part of a continuous verb form: i was genuinely laughing out loud. |
| 51 |
1.3 we use verb+ing ... after certain verbs: we avoid talking about money. |
| 52 |
1.4 we use verb+ing ... after despite or in spite of: despite feeling a little defensive .. |
| 53 |
1.4 we use verb+ing ... as the subject (or part of the subject) of a verb: talking to strangers on trains just isn't done. |
| 54 |
1.5 we use verb+ing ... in reduced relative clauses: people (who are) standing at a bus stop will often feel a need to break an uncomfortable silence by.. |
| 55 |
1.6 we use verb+ing ... as an adjective: i read this highly entertaining book. |
| 56 |
we often use verb+ing after these verbs + object -hear, see, watch, feel, imagine, stop, love, like, don't mind, dislike, hate: i often hear her playing the piano. |
| 57 |
we can also use verb+ing as a noun: i usually do the cooking and my husband does the cleaning. |
| 58 |
we also use verb+ing after these fixed phrases: there's no point (in) ...; it's a waste of time ...; it's (not) worth ...; it's no use ...: there's no point in telling her. she'll just get upset. |
| 59 |
a queue-jumper. |
| 60 |
a bus driver. |
| 61 |
a taxi driver. |
| 62 |
give someone a service. |
| 63 |
cause offence -- upset people. |
| 64 |
keep sb doing. keep doing. |
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